Other Syntactic Realizations |
Other Prepositions from FrameNet Instances |
Frame:FrameElement |
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1(1) |
ThingTransited |
2a, 3a |
9.25, 9.28 |
across, over, out |
|
on; through; via; round; at; by; past; towards; across; down; out; over; along; toward; up; from; in; after; around; back; beyond; above; straight; between; nowhere; right; low; to; alongside; into; under; away; underneath; against; about; hard; of; heavily; among; sharply; off; onto; within; with; behind; anywhere; beneath; inside; deep; somewhere; the; aro; below; before; beside; centrally; directly; upon; near; either; next; close; all; just; outside; capacious; for; amongst; throughout; consistently; due; forwards; further; stinking; even; less; though; |
Arriving:Path; Cause_motion:Path; Cotheme:Path; Departing:Path; Escaping:Location; Escaping:Path; Evading:Path; Fluidic_motion:Path; Mass_motion:Path; Motion:Path; Motion_directional:Path; Motion_noise:Path; Operate_vehicle:Path; Path_shape:Path; Placing:Goal; Placing:Path; Removing:Path; Roadways:Area; Self_motion:Area; Self_motion:Path; Breathing:Path |
opening, channel, or physical location |
verbs of motion |
|
2(1a) |
ThingBored |
1, 2a, 3a |
9.25, 9.28 |
into |
|
into; on; over; about; at; across; in; under; full; against; between; through; around; with; behind; off; onto; towards; a; by; down; straight; outside; along; near; below; beneath; above; of; within; next; underneath; high; just; beside; beyond; throughout; close; up; for; from; |
Cause_harm:Body_part; Impact:Impactee; Natural_features:Relative_location; Use_firearm:Path |
permeable or breakable physical object |
verbs denoting penetration |
this sense is for things that get "through" by violence, or unintentionally (leakage, etc.) |
3(1b) |
ThingTransited |
1, 2a, 3a |
9.25, 9.26, 9.28 |
among, within |
|
inside; through; under; within; at; deep; beneath; just; somewhere; amongst; between; on; behind; among; above; around; over; all; close; across; along; down; towards; up; past; via; back; from; of; alongside; by; with; to; |
Emotion_heat:Location; Path_shape:Area; Ride_Vehicle:Path; Roadways:Path; Self_motion:Self_mover; Travel:Path |
sth regarded as homogenous |
verbs of motion |
|
4(1c) |
ThingPenetrated |
1, 2a, 3a |
* |
into |
|
at; from; in; through; under; near; on; by; down; inside; about; above; to; among; round; with; between; across; over; beneath; beyond; into; against; inlaid; behind; within; ahead; around; along; towards; past; up; back; off; below; deep; northwards; westward; outside; after; toward; amongst; of; like; without; as; upon; right; well; 20; just; |
Encoding:Speaker; Becoming_aware:Ground; Becoming_aware:Means; Light_movement:Path; Location_of_light:Ground; Perception_active:Body_part; Perception_active:Direction; Perception_active:Ground; Perception_active:Manner; Perception_active:Means; Perception_experience:Body_part; Perception_experience:Depictive; Perception_experience:Direction; Perception_experience:Ground |
a permeable obstacle |
a perceived object; sometimes complement of a verb of perception |
e.g., the sunlight streaming through the window/I heard the screaming through the walls/you could feel the mind right through your coat |
5(1d) |
ChannelTransited |
1, 2a, 3a |
9.19, 9.22, 9.27 |
across, over |
|
|
|
an opening or obstacle |
copula or verb of location |
|
5(1d)-1 |
Route |
1, 2a, 3a |
9.27 |
by way of, via |
|
through; over; across; via; |
Emitting:Path |
opening, channel, or physical location |
verbs of motion |
|
6(1e) |
ExtentTransited |
3a |
9.25, 9.28 |
across |
|
by; through; |
Cause_to_move_in_place:Angle; Moving_in_place:Angle |
a distance (often in degrees) |
verbs of motion |
|
7(2) |
PeriodBisected |
3a |
9.36, 9.37 |
into |
|
|
|
period of time or process |
no clear pattern |
|
8(2a) |
ThingCompleted |
3a |
9.32 |
|
|
|
|
an ordeal or obstacle |
verbs indicating movement, progress, or struggle |
many "through" phrasal verbs are this sense; see notes |
9(2b) |
ThingSurvived |
3a |
9.32 |
|
|
|
|
an experience (often negative) |
often verbs of endurance, impatience, inactivity |
|
10(3) |
ThingInspected |
3a |
9.29 |
|
|
over; through; for; of; on; from; in; into; within; back; beneath; between; beyond; about; among; around; under; at; up; amongst; away; |
Reading:Text; Scrutiny:Ground; Seeking:Ground |
often NPs designating something readable |
verbs of searching, studying, inspecting |
|
10(3)-1 |
ThingPermeated |
2a, 3a |
8.63n, 9.29 |
throughout, over |
|
through; via; across; |
Emanating:Path |
permeable object |
verbs denoting a uniformly dispersed activity |
specialized use: "all through" or "through the whole X" |
11(4) |
SequenceTerminus |
3a |
9.37 |
till, until |
|
|
|
a day, date, or time |
may follow another day, date or time that may follow "from" |
|
12(5) |
Intermediary |
1, 2a, 2b, 3a |
9.50, 14.19n |
by way of, via |
|
along; by; over; down; towards; across; through; up; from; to; past; on; of; simply; at; in; only; partly; with; without; for; |
Carrying:Path; Coming_to_believe:Evidence; Cure:Treatment; Emitting:Means; Encoding:Medium; Getting:Means; Perception_experience:Means; Encoding:Speaker |
often an abstraction; may include a gerund |
verb or its object denoting sth effected, achieved, or influenced |
Using this sense for intermediacy as noted in Quirk 9.50 |
12(5)-1 |
Handle |
2a, 3a |
* |
|
|
onto; in; into; on; for; round; over; around; above; across; directly; through; under; about; at; by; all; between; near; from; |
Attaching:Goal |
thing that the POA attaches to |
thing that the complement is joined to |
see notes. |
13(5a) |
AgentName |
1, 2a, 3a |
9.50 |
by |
|
through; by; on; in; of; up; that; |
Encoding:Speaker; Contacting:Intermediary; Cotheme:Means; Hear:Medium; Removing:Theme |
any agent or agency; often abstract |
verbs of perception, obtaining, effecting |
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Legend:
This document maintained by Ken Litkowski.
Copyright ©2005 CL Research, Orin Hargraves, Ken Litkowski